Engine-cylinder structure



Jan. 31,1928.

C. REINEKE ENGINE CYLINDER STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 7, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 x J n llrl .l T

Jan. 31,1928. 1,657,843

C. REINEKE ENGINE CYLINDER STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 7, 1925 1 She ets-Sheet 2 Jan. 31', 1928. 1,657,843

c. REINEKE ENGINE CYLINDER STRUCTURE Filed Aug. '7 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Jan. 31, 1928.:

C. REINEKE ENGINE CYLINDER STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 7, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Jan. 31, 1928.

UNITED STATES CHARLES REINEKE, OF NEXV YORK, N. Y., PORATION, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ASSIGNOR TO THE REIIiI'EKE MOTOR COR- A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

ENGINE-CYLINDER STRUCTURE.

Application filed August 7, 1925. Serial No. 48,749.

has the most desirable qualities for wearing purposes at high temperatures, its. tensile strength is very low, and, therefore, the diameters of the cylinders are limited on account o'tthe heat. If the walls of the oylin ders are made thick enough towithstand the high pressure in cylinders of large diameters, the cooling water has a very slow effect on the thick walls and causes internal strain and breakage.

To permit cylinder walls thin enough for cooling purposes to be employed, various means for strengthening the same have been used, but they are all either part of the cylinder or placed directly against the wall of the cylinder in such manner that they cover a large surface of the cylinder wall through which the cooling influence of the water has to penetrate.

To clin'linate covering a large part of the cylinderwall and give the cooling water a better chance to act, I use stays in all their forms, for instance, stay bars and stay rings with small contact projections, stay bolts or stay tubes the occasion may require, and instead of COVOllHQ' large parts of the outer face of the cylinder, these stays or stay projections cover only a large number of spaced points, thus giving the cooling water plenty of room to circulate, to thereby produce a better cooling effect without decreasing the strength of the cylinder.

With the foregoing objects outlined and with other objects in view which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention consists in the novel features hereinafter described in detail, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and more particularly pointed out inthe appended claims.

line 5 Referring to the drawings: a

Figure l is a longitudinal sectional-view of the cylinder of an opposed piston type of engine with my improvements applied thereto.

F ig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the same taken on line 22 of F ig. ,1, and with certain parts broken away for the purpose of illustration. I

F 3 is' a similar view taken on line 33 of Fig. 1. i

Fig. i is a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 2 but showing a modification.

Fig: 5 is a detail sectional view taken on 50f Fig. 4.

Fig, 6 is a transverse sectio al View of another modified form in which a sectional ring is used instead of an unbroken ring.

'Fig. 7 is a detailsectional view taken on 1ine7--7 of Fig. 6. I

Fig. 8 is a longitudinalsectional view of a double-acting engine cylinder with my im provements applied thereto.

F ig. 9 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 99 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a vertical sectional view of the lower portion of a similar engine with modifications of my improvement-s.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken on line 11-11 of Fig. 10.

Referring to Figs. 1' to 3 inclusive, the stays are formed byrbars 1' of steel or other high tensile strength, material, which are out on their inner edges to form spaced projections 2. Where the pressure inthe cast iron liner 3 is highest, the projections are close together while at the. points where the pressure decreases, the projections are further apart. This may be clearly seen from Fig. 1, in which the projections at the middle of the cylinder are closer together: than they are at the ends of the cylinder. It willbe noted that the ends of thelinerfi are obstructed by the intake conduit 3. and the exhaust conduit 3 and, therefore, ringsbf the same diameter as the major;- portionof theliner 3 cannotbe slipped over .the ends of the liner. However, when steel stay bars. 1 are placed against the outer surface of the-liner, they may lee-readily held in place by variousforms of steel rings: 5: and; 6,1

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which are shrunk or driven into place. To facilitate. assemblage. the bars 1 are preterablv notched. as at 7. As the bars are numerous and ditticult to hold in place during assemblage. 11 provide certain of the bars with apertures b through which curved metal rods 5) may be passed for holding, say three ol these bars together during the assembling operation. These rods 9. as best shown in Fig. 3, may be spot welded at it) to the bars with which they are. associated. After the bars are made up in groups of this character, :lour groups, for instance, may be placed around the liner 3 and individual stay bars may be placed between adjacent; ends ol the rods 9, as shown in Fig. 3. Then the rings 5 and (3 may be placed in position.

A mantle or water jacket it)" may then he slipped over the entire assemblage and secured in place by screws or the like it).

Itwill be noted that the ring 5 is wider than the others, for the reason that the internal pressure at this location is at the maximum. and one of the stay bars mustbe broken away at this place to permit the attachment oil the oil injection tube ll, which is also preferably made of steel so as to function as a stay at. this point. This stay tube receives the ordinary oil injection nozzle. and if an air starting device is needed, a similar stay tube may be placed at.- the middle of the cylinder for that purpose.

If desired the middle of the liner 3 may he further strengthened by steel screws 12 which pass through the ring 5 and have their ends 13 impingedagainst the liner as shown in Fig. 2. These screws provide a number of additional stays atthe place where the combustion chamber is located. i. e., where the most pressure and ten'iperaturc occur.

Instead of using stay screws. steel stay pins 14- may be used as shown in Figs. and 5, and these pins will have their heads welded to the ring 5, as shown at 15.

In Fig. 1, I have shown single stay bars assembled around the cylinder barrel and have used rings which pass over the intake chamber 3.. In Figs. (i and T, l have shown double stay bars to ot U-shaped cross section. and instead ol using solid unbroken rings for securing. these double stay bars in position. I employ sectional rings 17. The sections? ot these rings lit in notches 17'' in the bars ltl. and each section has apertures 18 at. its ends through which a wedging key or pin 1!) is driven for connecting the sections of the rings together.

The foregoing description completes the disclosure in connection with opposed piston engine cylinders of the type shown in Fig. 1, and it may be stated that. in this type, the strain on all the stay bars, screws. pins or tubesis compression, while on the rings holding the stays in place, it is tensile. There is no axial strain on the cylinder in this type of engine. as that is taken up directly by the pistons. This is, howevm, not the case with the constructions illustrated in Figs. h to 11 inclusive, for here the strains on the stays are both compression and tensile.

To avoid unnecessary drawing. 1 may state that the construction shown in Fig. U) will be duplicated in the upper portion of the cylinder in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 8 illustrates a cylinder of the double acting internal combustion engine type. \Vhile I am only intcrested in staying cast iron or similar cylinders or liners, a brief description of the action of the engine shown in Fig. 8 may be helpful. The piston (not shown) when in the upper part of the cylinder is forced down by a combustion in that end of the cylinder. and when in the lower part of the cylinder is forced upward by a combustion in the lower end of the cylinder. ln Fig. 8. 22 indicates the intake ports and 2. the exhaust: ports, which are Formed in the middle portion of the liner 3*. 2+ designates the neck or sleeve for the piston rod. 25 indicates portions oi the frame or columns on which the cylinder is mounted. fl" designates the upper part oi? the cast iron liner which has a semi-spherical end 'n'm'ided with a sleeve 26, cast with $5 and which receives the fuel nozzle for the upper combustion chamber of the engine. The lower edge of the liner part 5" is indicated at- 2?. The stay bars in this case have curved end portions 2 to conform to the ends of the liner. The strain on these bars is first com- 'u'ession on the stay points or nojectious 2*, second as they take up the strain of the power stroke, the strain. is tensiled in that direction. To keep these bars from spreading, a steel ring 28 is forced over them and acts on the projections 30. As these bars come close together at. the ends of the cylinder. they are mad* altcrnatiugly shorter as shown. and a second ring: 29 holds the shorter bars in place by engaging the ]'n'ojcctions it 32 is another steel ring which is forced onto the bars to take the strain at. this location. The ends of the bars located at the middle portion of the cylinder are provided with outwardly extending lugs 21?. which are engaged by reinforcing rings tt o'l' ca t or forged steel. Each of these rings has holes 235 to receive bolts Itt; that. are screwed into the t'nme 25. and the whole assemblage is sccured to the frame by the nuts 37. If it is neces ary to examine the interior of the cylinder. nuts 37 may be removed and the entire end portions of the cylinders may be taken (iii. The only tight joints necessary are those made along the lines 527 and 27'. where the pressure low. The bars have their inner ends spaced slightly from the frame 25 by softpacking washers 25 to allow the cast iron parts of the liner to come together at the lines 27 and 27. Surround ing the end portions of the liner are sheet metal water jackets 38, secured to the frame by bolts To maintain an unbroken water circulation throughout the height of the cylinder, the frame 25 is perforated as shown at 40, at a number of points. A water jacket 38 is placed around the middle portion of the liner and secured in place by screws 39.

In the middle section of the cylinder there is not much pressure and extra staying means need not be provided.

The intake chambers 22* and exhaust chambers 23 may be sealed at points 51 by any suitable plastic material, which will harden after it is placed in position. To take care of heat expansion at the central part of the cylinder, the water jacket 38" has rounded end portions 52 anda central corrugation 54. i

In the embodiment of the invention il lnstrated in Figs. 10 and 11, the end portions are modified While the central portion of the cylinder may be the same as that shown in Fig. 8. Instead of using stay bars for strengthening, I use in the straight part of the cylinder barrel, steel stay rings 42, iireferably of U-shaped cross section and each having notches 42* at its inner edges to provide stay projections 42". From'Fig. 11 it may be seen that the stay projections in the upper wing ofeach ring register with the notches in the lower wing of the same ring, so as to provide the necessary water circulation spaces while maintainingmaxi mum strength. In the semi-spherical portion of the cylinder, I use steel stay bolts 43 for strengthening the cast iron liner. These stay bolts may be threaded in the same mannor as the bolts 12 in Fig. 1., or they may. be electrically welded into place as shown at 44. 4,5 designates astay tube which may receive a fuel injection nozzle. To take up. the strains from all of the stay rings, bolts, etc, I employ a heavy steel jacket 46, which acts as the water jacket of the cylinder. To reinforce the parts where the piston rod passes through the neck 24 and to keep this point water-tight, a machined metal washer 47 is placed on the end of the jacket 4t6 and a nut 48 is screwed onto the end of the sleeve 24. This nut may be made large and heavy enough to receive the studs used with a packing gland for the piston rod. The inner end of this heavy outer jacket is flanged at 49 and provided With apertures to receive the bolts 50 used in securing the jacket to the frame. i

The cast iron liner 3 is to be joined tightly to the cast iron liner at the middle portion of the cylinder along the line 41,

andasoft packing949 is used between the by arranging rings of steel or the like around the liner or by providing longitudinal ribs on the liner and surrounding these ribs with a strengthening ring, but in such structures the contact between the liner and strengthening means is along lines extendingaroniul-the liner or longitudinal of the liner. Obviously such a structure prevents the cooling water from contacting with the liner along these lines, while in my invention the strengthening means bear upon the liner at a multiplicity of points or spots, and the cooling water can readily circulate around these spots, so that I obtain practically the same cooling effect-as could be obtained if the liner was not provided with strengthening means. In the prior art there is line contact between the'liner and strengthening means-while in my invention there is point contact only between the liner and strengthening means, and it is such contact to which I refer in my claims.

- From the foregoing it is believed that the construction, operation and advantages of the invention may be readily understood by those skilled in the art and I am aware that various changes may be made in the details disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention as expressedin the claims.

lVhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is I 1. An engine cylinder structure including a metallic liner of relatively low tensile strength material having good wearing ualities under rubbin action the ma'or' portion of the wall of the liner being of substantially uniform thickness throughout the extent thereof, staying meansarranged exteriorly of the liner, formed of-relatix ely high tensile strength metal and bearing against the. liner at spaced spots only, and

reinforcing means of high tensile strength material for holding the staying means against the liner and taking up strains imparted to the staying means by the liner.

2. An engine cylinder structure including a cast iron liner, bars of high tensile strength metal arranged on the outside of the liner and bearing directly on thelatter at spaced spots, and separate reinforcing means for holding the bars in contact with the liner and taking up the strains imparted to the latter.

3. An engine cylinder structure including a metallic liner of relatively low tensile strength material having good wearing qualities under rubbing action, the major portion of the wall of the liner being of substantially uniform thickness throughout the extent thereof, staying means of relatircly high tensile strength metal bearing directly against the outer surface of the liner at spaced spots, and separate means including reinforcements for taking up the strains imparted to the staying means by the liner and for forming a Water jacket around said liner. v

at. A cylinder structure including a cast iron liner, staying bars of high tensile strength metal bearing against the outer surface of the liner at spaced spots the spots being closer together where the combustion chamber is located, and reinforcing means of high tensile strength material connecting the bars and arranged to take up strains imparted to the bars by the liner.

5. An engine cylinder structure including a cast. iron liner, staying bars of high tensile strength material having their inner edges notched to provide projections bearing upon the liner at spaced points. and reinforcing means of high tensile strength metal bearing against the outer sides of the bars to take up strains imparted to the bars by the liner.

6. A cylinder structure including a cast iron liner, the major portion of the wall of the liner being of substantially uniform thickness throughout the extent thereof, staying bars of high tensile strength metal bearing directly upon the outer surface of the liner at spaced spots, and separate circular reinforcing means of high tensile strength metal engaging the outer sides of said bars for taking up strains imparted to the bars by the liner.

7. A cylinder structure including a metallie liner of relatively low tensile strength material having good wearing qualities under rubbing action, staying means hearing upon the exterior of the liner at spaced points and including pins. and circular means of high tensile strength metal connected to said pins for holding the inner ends of the same against the liner and for taking up strains imparted to the pins by the liner.

8. An engine cylinder structure including a cast iron liner, longitudinally extending bars of high tensile strength metal having notched inner edges bearing upon the outer surface of the liner at spaced points and rings of high tensile strength material surrounding the lint. and bearing against the outer edges of the bars. 7

'9. An engine cylinder structure including a cast iron liner. and staying means of high tensile strength metal bearing upon the outer surface of the liner at a multiplicity of spaced spots. said staying means including a tube of high tensile strength metal projecting from the liner and adapted to function asan oil admission means for the engine, and separate reinforcing means of high tensile strength material engaging the staying means and connected to the tube for taking up strains imparted to the staying means and the tube.

10. An internal combustion engine cylinder structure including a tubular liner of relatively low tensile strength metal having good wearing qualities under rubbing action, the major portion of the Wall of the liner being of substantially uniform thickness throughout the extent thereof. a Water jacket surrounding the liner and spaced from the latter to provide a water chamber. staying means of high tensile strength metal arranged in said chamber for taking! up strains imparted to the liner by gases within the latter, said staying means brariug: upon the outer surface of the liner at spaced points only so as to permit water to circulate through the staying means and contact with the liner.

11.. An engine cylinder structure including a cast iron liner, the major portion of the wall of the liner being of substantially uniform thickness throughout the extent. thereof. steel staying means on the exterior of the liner and capable of withstanding the pressure created by internal. combustion. said staying means bearing upon the liner at spaced spots only. and outer annular steel means bearing against the staying means for taking up strains imparted to said staying means by the liner.

In testimony whereof I atlix my signature.

CHARLES REINEKE.

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